quinta-feira, 26 de outubro de 2017

Quando o tratamento piora a doença


Resultado de imagem para chemotherapy poison

Pode parecer uma brincadeira ou uma afirmação herética, quando dizemos que muitos tratamentos convencionais pioram as patologias que estão a tratar.

Em particular o Cancro.

Já não falamos da alopécia, da neutropenia, das multiplas falhas organicas devido aos quimioterápicos, das infecções de repetição. Nem sequer falamos de doenças causadas devido a isso - outros cancros, doenças novas devido aos tratamentos.

Falamos de quando o Medicamento até pode reduzir o tumor, mas causar metástases. Ou seja quando o tratamento faz com que de um tumor surjam dois ou mais em múltiplos sitios.


MAS peguemos nos estudos :

''...suggesting that chemotherapy, despite decreasing tumor size, increases the risk of metastatic dissemination.'' (1)


''Pretreatment with the commonly used chemotherapeutic agents cisplatin and paclitaxel significantly enhanced lung metastasis...'' (2)

''the surgical stress response may promote cancer growth...'' (3)


''Doxorubicin induced EMT, promoted invasion and enhanced generation of cells with stem cell phenotype in murine 4T1 breast cancer cells.'' (4)

''Emerging evidence suggests that cytotoxic therapy may actually promote drug resistance and metastasis while inhibiting the growth of primary tumors'' (5)


''Recent studies suggest that chemotherapy...can induce a cascade of host events to support tumor growth and spread'' (6)

''Cyclophosphamide Creates a Receptive Microenvironment for Prostate Cancer Skeletal Metastasis. (7)

''Cyclophosphamide enhances human tumor growth in nude rat xenografted tumor models.'' (8)


''Chemotherapy-enhanced inflammation may lead to the failure of therapy and metastasis.'' (9)

''Antiangiogenic drugs enhance the ability of invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells under serum starvation and hypoxia.'' (11)

''Epigenetic Drugs Can Stimulate Metastasis.'' (12)

''Gemcitabine enhances cell invasion.'' (17)

''In the continuous tofacitinib administration (15 mg/kg/day) group, the number of lung surface nodules was significantly increased.''

''These data demonstrate that ionizing radiation can activate stemness pathways in heterogeneous cancer cells.'' (18)

''We show that non-CSC cells, obtained by side population flow cytometric sorting using Hoechst 33342, can acquire stem-like properties after exposure to carboplatin.'' (19)

'' Chemotherapy induces enrichment of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), which are responsible for tumor recurrence and metastasis.'' (20)


''Chemotherapy Increases Aggressiveness of Prostate Cancer via Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition.'' (28)

''The repeated treatment of cancer cells with chemo- or radiotherapy induces therapy resistance.'' (29)



  • E Efeitos toxicos, o que há a dizer??



''After administration of cisplatin, their serum creatinine increased gradually until they required hemodialysis and their renal failure was permanent.'' (13)

''Cisplatin induces various toxicities including gastrotoxicity, myelosuppression, ototoxicity and allergic reactions, the major dose-limiting side effect is nephrotoxicity.'' (14)

''Between April 2005 and September 2005, 1976 patients received chemotherapy with 161 deaths within 30 days of chemotherapy (8.1%). Of these, 124 deaths (77.0%) were due to disease progression. Of the other 37 deaths, 12 (7.5%) were related to chemotherapy, six each for solid tumours and haematological malignancies, of which seven (4.3%) were due to neutropenic sepsis. For the remaining 25 deaths (15.5%) there was insufficient information.'' (15)


''Patients should be warned about the dangers of chemotherapy after research showed that cancer drugs are killing up to 50 per cent of patients in some hospitals.'' (16)

''Chemotherapy-induced secondary malignancies.'' (21)

''Pneumonia and sepsis during neutropenia are common complications from chemotherapy and they are sometimes lethal.'' (22)

''This study confirms high rates of behavioral symptoms in breast cancer survivors, particularly those treated with chemotherapy''. (23)

''Immediate type hypersensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents in pediatric patients.'' (24)

''There is an increasing risk of endometrial cancer associated with longer tamoxifen treatment.'' (25)

''Lymphocyte depletion during treatment with intensive chemotherapy for cancer.'' (26)

''Although cancer itself is immunosuppressive, cytotoxic antineoplastic therapy is the primary contributor to the clinical immunodeficiency observed in cancer patients.''(27)



  • Sabemos que na leucemia e em muitos tumores sólidos, a quimioterapia tem um papel paliativo e em alguns casos curativo. No entanto as conclusões de 2 estudos independentes após alguns anos de escrutínio concluiram: 


''The overall contribution of curative and adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy to 5-year survival in adults was estimated to be 2.3% in Australia and 2.1% in the USA. (30)



ESTUDOS

(1)  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28679654
(2) http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/71/22/6976
(3) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK169223/
(4) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860989/
(5) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4185415/
(6) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21975929
(7) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3457788/
(8) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19177203
(9) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4061164/
(10) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3922396/
(11) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26462887
(12) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2938331/
(13) http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210261216000195
(14) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4297704/
(15) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2360753/
(16) http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2016/08/30/chemotherapy-warning-as-hundreds-die-from-cancer-fighting-drugs/
(17) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5308719/
(18) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22928007
(19) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22732500
(20) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26229077
(21) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14624175
(22) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12094134
(23) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21825266
(24) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20232573
(25) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15741574
(26) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7919339
(27) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10661568
(28) https://www.scitechnol.com/peer-review/chemotherapy-increases-aggressiveness-of-prostate-cancer-via-epithelial-mesenchymal-transition-1XS3.php?article_id=1605
(29) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27253410
(30) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15630849

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